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Santoshi Mata

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Santoshi MatajiSantoshi Mataji

Santoshi Mata Pooja is usually performed for a period of 16 Weeks on Friday.
You will be required to have a Santoshi Matt Photo, the Pooja book which contains the story and for prasad you will need roasted chana, jaggery and green banana.
“You are not supposed to eat or touch anything which is sour like Curd, Lemon Etc”
On a Friday morning have head bath and place the photo in a clean Pooja area and put a small Kalash. Place Santhoshimatha’s photo and decorate it with flowers. Keep channa (soaked in water for 6 hours in water) or puffed bengal gram along with jaggery piece and bananas as prasadam. Light diya before the Goddess. Chant the mantras and read the story and give aarti to the Goddess and have prasadam. You can do fasting the entire day or can have food only once in a day (may be supper or dinner). You are not supposed to eat anything sour on the day of the Pooja…
You need to do this for 16 weeks on Friday, and after you finish the 16 weeks you will be required to do Udyapan, i.e. you will be required to offer food to kids and remember not to feed them anything sour and not to give them any cash, as they might use the cash to buy something sour.
First gather the things required and then start the Pooja.

 Requirements for the Pooja:

  • 1 kalash
  • Betel leaves
  • Flowers
  • Dry whole channa and jaggery for prasad
  • Camphor for aarti
  • Agarbatti
  • Diyas
  • Turmeric
  • Kumkum
  • Photo of Santoshima
  • Coconut for kalash (have to continue with the same coconut till you complete the Pooja)
  • A wooden stool for placing the moorti
  • Rice mixed with turmeric

 

Shree Ganesh

Shree Ganesh, father of Santoshi Mataji

Prayer to Santoshi mata’s father Ganesh, mother Riddhi Siddhi. Prayer to wealth, gold, silver, pearl, and other gems. Prayer to Ganapati to fulfill all our wishes. To have success in business, to remove poverty, destruction of evil. Let there be peace and happiness and light. Let there be a house full of children, profit in business and huge earnings, fulfillment of one’s desires destruction of evil, removal of sorrow and worry. The name of Santoshi mata gets all the work done smoothly.
Jai Santoshi Mata.

During this katha one should hold jaggery [gur] and roasted gram [channa] in their hand. The listeners should keep saying “Santoshi Mata ki Jai” “Santoshi Mata ki Jai” “Santoshi Mata ki Jai” all the time. At the end of the story the jaggery and gram, which is held in their hand, should be collected and given to the mother cow to eat.
The jaggery and gram kept in the vessel should be distributed as prasad to one and all.
Before starting the narration of the story, fill water in the vessel [kalash], and on top of the kalash keep a small bowl filled with gram and jaggery. After the katha finishes that is after the aarti, the water in the vessel should be sprinkled in every corner of the house and the remaining water should be poured into the Tulsi [basil] plant. One should buy jaggery and gram worth Rs. 1.25np and do the fasting. There is no problem if one does it with only 25 paise. If there is jaggery in the house, take that, do not worry because the mother sees to the sentiments, more or less does not concern her. Therefore as per your capacity with devotion you can make the prasad and offer with love and do the fasting.
On the Udayapan [last day] you distribute 2-Â― kg. Khaja [cashews], poori, kheer, gram curry, sweets. Light the lamp of ghee and keep saying “Santoshi Mata ki Jai” and break the coconut. On this day there should not be any sour item in the house. Do not eat any sour item yourself nor offer anyone. On this day, feed eight boys food. If the children are there in the immediate close family – elder or younger brother-in-law’s children, then do not call from outside. If there are fewer children from close family, you can call children from the Brahmins, relatives or neighbor’s children. Do not give them any sour item and as per one’s capacity give them gifts. Do not give money but give them any item. The person doing the fast after listening to the story should have the prasad and only one time meal. This way the Mother is very happy, and sorrow, poverty will be removed and wishes will be fulfilled.

Shree Sidh Ganesh Vrat Katha

Shree Sidh Ganesh

Shree Sidh Ganesh

Bhagwan Ved Vyas asked Brahmaji could you please explain what’s the benefit of Shree Sidh Ganesh Vrat and tell me who on Earth benefited from doing this vrat.

Then Brahmaji told this story. Oh my dear vyasji. Many people of Earth performed this vrat and by doing so they were blessed, from them I tell you a story of Surbahu Shatriya, now listern carefully.

There was a country city called Pipalpur in Goddesh country in the Southern hemisphere. There lived a honest but poor man called Surbahu. He worked very hard to feed this family but there was never enough for entire family. Seeing all this his wide Subhadra always complained and consistently nagged him about the poor situation they were in.

One day he had enough of this constant nagging and humiliation from his wife, Surbahu decided to run away from home, while the family was sleeping.

He ended up in the forest, thirsty, hungry and lost, started wondering around. In the end he ended up near a lake, walking to the lake he drank water and sat underneath a wonderful rubber (valdo) tree. While leaning against the tree he stated thinking about his many subjects in his head. While doing so he fell asleep. Many hours pasted while asleep, he had a dream that something was about to eat him, he thought it might be an animal but was too afraid to open his eyes and look. He assumed he was going to die so he prepared him self to face the death, thinking it’s better to die than to live such sad life. But suddenly something happened Surbahu slowly opened his eyes and saw a human figure in the night shadow. Seeing this he got up and shouted, why do you want to wake a poor guy like me in the middle of the night. Who are you and what do you want from me? Who ever you are just eat me and put me out of my misery from this life.

Hey dear, you seem depressed by this human life, but afraid not, my name is Kaushik Rishi (sage), I’ve been doing meditation in this forest for many years. Dear get up and come with me.

By saying comforting words Kaushik Rishi, helped Surbahu onto his feet and took him to his ashram and gave him food and drink and listened to his story. Kaushik Rishi was sadden by Surbahu’s poor condition.Kaushik Rishi blessed Surbahu and told him Shree Sidh Ganesh Vrat Katha and instructions about performing ritual everyday.

Surbahu stayed in Kaushik Rishi’s ashram and performed vrat as instructed.

During this period, Bhagvan Shree Sidh Ganesh blessed him. Back in his home kindom, Pipalpur, the king accepted Surbahu’s wife as his religious sister and provided them with necessary for confortable life. The king also send out his people in search of Surbahu.

After three months, Surbahu returned to Pipalpur on Bhadarva Sud Satudasiye after completing Bhagvan Shree Sidh Ganesh’s vrat. Seeing him, his wife and children were over joyed with happiness.

Subhadra told his husband, Surbahu the full story about king accepting her his religious sister and providing all care. Hearing all this Surbahu said “All this is due to blessing of Shree Sidh Ganesh”. Subhadra you should start performing this ritual everyday also. She performed vrat accordingly and with complete honestly and faith.

The king made Surbahu his comandar. Accepting all this as a blessing of Shree Sidh Ganeshji, he started living life with happiness.

His Surbahu became a king named Naal, in his next life.

Jai Shree Sidh Ganesh Namah

 

Vrat

Vrat denotes a religious practice to carry out certain obligations with a view to achieve divine blessing for fulfillment of one or more than one desire. Etymologically, vrat, a Sanskrit word (and also used in several Indo-European languages), means to vow or to promise.

A vrat may consist of one or more of several actions. Such actions may include complete or partial fasting on certain specific days; a pilgrimage  (thirtha) to a particular place or more than one place; a visit and darshan and puja at a particular temple or more than one temple; recitation of mantras and prayers; performing puja and havans.

According to Hindu scriptures, vrat assists the person doing the vrat to achieve and fulfill his desires as performing vratas are supposed to bring the divine grace and blessing. Sometimes, close relatives or family purohits may be entrusted with the obligation of performing the vrat on behalf of another person. The object of performing vrat is as varied as the human desire, and may include gaining back lost health and wealth, begetting offspring, divine help and assistance during difficult period in one’s life. In Ancient India, vrat played a significant role in the life of individuals, and it continues to be practiced in modern times as well by a number of Hindus.

Calling all females in London to join our first ever London Maher Netball team

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Volleyball

 We are a small group of girls who have recently started training and are looking for more ladies to join us.Training is held on sunday mornings and thursday evenings in the borough of Hounslow and the minimum age is 14.

If you are interested in joining London Ladies Netball Team for competitive or fitness purposes please contact Daxa on 07947 681 853

Jaya Parvati Vrat

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Shiva, Parvati and Ganesh
Shiva, Parvati and Ganesh

Jaya Parvati Vrat is a fasting ritual. It is observed for 5 days. It is then celebrated by an all night Jagaran or keeping awake. Unmarried girls perform this fast and worship Parvati to have good husbands in marriage. This is called Jaya Parvati Vrat because Parvati performed fasts to win Shiva as her husband. Young girls take this up in the ninth month of Ashada, around July-August. Click here to view this year’s dates
There is a legend behind Jaya Parvati Vrat. There was a Brahmin couple and both were devotees of Lord Shiva. They had everything in their life except for a child. They used to worship Lord Shiva every day in the temple. Lord Shiva was pleased with the devotion of the couple and there was a revelation. It said, “My Shiva Linga is at a certain place in the jungle. Nobody is performing its puja. Your wishes will be fulfilled if you go there and perform its puja.”
The Brahmin couple went to the jungle and found the place where Shiva Linga was. The husband went in search for flowers for use in the puja. However, a snake bit him on the way and he fell on the road in an unconscious state. His wife was very worried. She prayed for her husband’s safety for several days. Lord Shiva saw the true devotion of this Brahmin woman and brought her husband back to consciousness. The couple continued to pray at the Shiva Linga. They were blessed with a son.
This was how Jaya Parvati Vrat originated. During Jaya Parvati Vrat, you cannot eat any foods with salt. No wheat products or vegetables are allowed either. Women perform this vrat for 5 or 7 years. Then, they celebrate it by inviting other women to their homes for a meal. It is believed that Jaya Parvati Vrat brings happiness to a family and a good husband for the girl doing the fast.
On the first day of the vrat, Javera (wheat seeds) are planted in a small bowl / pot and kept by the mandir in the house. Puja is then conducted with the javera pot and a “nagla” – a necklace of cotton wool decorated with kanku spots – which is placed around the edge of the pot to surround the javera. Every morning, after you have bathed, the same ritual is carried out and the javera is watered. The javera seeds will sprout and grow over the 5 days of the vrat.
A full puja is done at a mataji temple on the final day to break the fast and a full meal with salt and wheat can then be eaten. On the 6th day, after bathing, the javera are taken from the pot and planted in the garden.
Maha Shivratri
Lord Shiv

|| Shiv Arti ||

OM JAI SHIV OMKARA, PRABHU JAI SHIV OMKARA
BRAHMA VISHNU SADA SHIV, ARDHANGII DHARA
OM  JAI SHIV OMKARA…

EKANANA CHATURANAN PANCHANAN RAJE
HANSANAN, GARURAASAN VRISHVAHAN SAJE
OM JAI SHIV OMKARA….

DO BHUJA, CHAAR CHATURBHUJA DASHABHUJA ATI SOHE
TIINON ROOP NIRAKHATE TRIBHUVAN JAN MOHE
OM JAI SHIV OMKARA…

AKSAMALA VANAMALA MUNDAMALA DHARI
CHANDANA MRIGAMAD SOHAI BHAALE SHASHIDHAARI
JAI SHIV OMKARA…

SHVETAMBARA PIITAMBARA BAAGHAMBARA ANGE
BRAHMADHIK SANAKAADHIK PRETAADHIK SANGE
OM JAI SHIV OMKARA…

KARA MADHYE KAMANDALU AU TRISHUL DHARI
JAGKARTA JAGHARTA JAGAPALAN KARTA
JAI SHIV OMKARA…

BRAHMA VISHNU SADASHIVA JANATA AVIVEKA
PRANAVAKSAR KE MADHAYA TINONH EKA
OM JAI SHIV OMKARA…

TRIGUN SWAMI KI AARTI JO KOI NAR GAVE
KAHATA SHIVANANDA SWAMI MANA VANCHITA PHALA PAVE
JAI SHIV OMKARA…

Snehal Odedra take part in NASA Art Contest

NASA –  has featured Snehal Odedra’s art on their website.

Snehal Odedra took part in NASA Art Contest and she was one of many students that took part in this project for NASA named “Work on the Moon.”

She was the only one INDIAN who took part in this project in Master student category and her project is selected by NASA for their Online gallery.

Welldone to Snehal for making her family and the entire Maher Community proud.

 Snehal Odedra - 'UDAYAN' - The Rising Sun

Description

This image shows that NASA work hard and “THINK OUT OF BOX” for devlope NEW WORLD for people and people can also help for developing new world.In image we can see Astronut,Settlement for people,Sapce shuttle of NASA. Main thing we see that Our Earth going to Finish than Noone can save people but NASA can do this Miracle by devloping New Earth on the Moon.so 1st burning flower is of EARTH and New flower of Moon which growing is for Moon,on which NASA devlope “NEW WORLD”. 🙂

Artist Statement

Respected Sir/Madam, Its my pleasure to taking part into this contest which organized for making New World on the MOON.From the title of this contest i designed my art.In my art we can see that Life on Earth is produced by GOD while on Moon life will produced only by NASA.So,that’s why the title of my art is ‘UDAYAN’ – The Rising Sun. Thank you, Snehal Odedra

Nagaji M Odedra " BOXER " MEMORIAL CRICKET TOURNAMENT 2010

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Nagaji M Odedra  
 
 
DATE: Sunday 30th May 2010
VENUE: Nanpantan playing fields, Forest Road,
Loughborough, LE11 3YE
FORMAT: 8-A-SIDE
RULES AND REGULATIONS
1 All teams are requested to report to ground for 8.30 am for briefing. First game to start by 9.00am.
2 Teams arriving late will be penalised by reduction of overs or match being awarded to opposition in specified time limit.
3 This is to be decided by the organiser and will be notified on the day at the time of teams briefing.
4 Teams will consist of 8 players + 1 sub. 7 players of the team will have to bowl 1 over each, consisting of 6 balls an over.
5 Wide & NO balls will have to be bowled again and it will be down to discretion of the umpires decision.
6 Addition to above standard rules of cricket will apply. All teams will be provided with a ball and umpire.
7 Match winners will be awarded 2 points, Match tied on runs will get 1 point each irrespective of the wickets lost.
8 Any player found to be playing more than one team than that team will be disqualified from the competition.
9 Top teams from each group will qualify to next round which will be on knockout basis depending on the no of entries.
10 The entry fee is ÂĢ80.00 per team. Cheques should be payable to Maher Stars CC.
11 First come first served basis with payment will apply and No entries will be accepted after the closing date.
12 Draws fixtures and matches time schedules will be given to captains on the day.
13 All captains are responsible for their teams and only him should approach organiser in the event of dispute.
14 The organisers reserve the right to amend any rules and dispute will be settled by them in best interest of all concerned.
 
For further information please contact Pratap Odedra on 07711 603538

April 2010 Newsround in Gujarati

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āŠ›āŠĪāŦāаāŠūāŠĩāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠļāŠ°āŦāŠĩāŠ°āŦ‹āŠ— āŠĻāŠŋāŠĶāŠūāŠĻ āŠ•āŦ‡āŠŪāŦāŠŠ āŠĪāŠĨāŠū āŠĩāŠŋāŠĩāŠŋāŠ§ āŠ•āŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŊāŠ•āŦāаāŠŪāŦ‹ āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠūāŠŊāŠū

āŠ•āŦ‚āŠĪāŠŋāŠŊāŠūāŠĢāŠū āŠĪāŠūāŠēāŦāŠ•āŠūāŠĻāŠū āŠ›āŠĪāŦāаāŠūāŠĩāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠĪāŠūāŠœāŦ‡āŠĪāŠ°āŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠœ āŠļāŠ°āŦāŠĩāŠ°āŦ‹āŠ— āŠĻāŠŋāŠĶāŠūāŠĻ āŠ•āŦ‡āŠŪāŦāŠŠ,āŠ…āŠ‚āŠ–āŠĄ āŠ°āŠūāŠŪāŠ§āŦāŠĻ,āŠŠāŦāаāŠļāŠūāŠĶāŦ€,āŠœāŦ‡āŠĩāŠū āŠĩāŠŋāŠĩāŠŋāŠ§ āŠ•āŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŊāŠ•āŦāаāŠŪāŦ‹ āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠūāŠŊāŠū āŠœāŦ‡āŠŪāŠū āŠĪāŠū/āŦ§āŦŠāŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŦ‹āМ āŠļāŠ°āŦāŠĩ āŠĻāŠŋāŠĶāŠūāŠĻ āŠļāŠūāŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠ° āŠ•āŦ‡āŠŪāŦāŠŠāŠĻāŦāŠ‚ āŠ†āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŦ‡āŠē āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ‚ āŠœāŦ‡āŠŪāŠū āŠŠāŦ‹āŠ°āŠŽāŠ‚āŠĶāŠ°āŠĻāŠū āŠŠāŦāŠ°āŠ–āŦāŠŊāŠūāŠĪ āŠĄāŦ‹āŠ•āŠŸāŠ° āŠĄāŦ‹.āŠ.āŠœāŦ€.āŠēāŠūāŠ–āŠūāŠĢāŦ€, āŠĄāŦ‹.āŠāŠĻ.āŠ.āŠ–āŦāŠĄāŠ–āŦāŠĄāŦ€āŠŊāŠū, āŠĄāŦ‹.āŠŪāŦ€āŠĻāŠūāŠŽāŦ‡āŠĻ āŠŠāŦāаāŦ‹āŠđāŠŋāŠĪ, āŠĄāŦ‹.āŠĻāŠŋāŠĪāŦ€āŠĻ āŠŠāŦ‹āŠŠāŠŸ āŠĩ.āŠ āŠŪāŠūāŠĻāŠĶāŦ āŠļāŦ‡āŠĩāŠū āŠ†āŠŠāŦ‡āŠē āŠđāŠĪāŦ€. āŠ† āŠ•āŦ‡āŠŪāŦāŠŠāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠ›āŠĪāŦāаāŠūāŠĩāŠū, āŠ­āŦ‹āŠ—āŠļāŠ° āŠĪāŠĨāŠū āŠ†āŠļāŠŠāŠūāŠļ āŠĻāŠū āŠ—āŦāаāŠūāŠŪāŦāŠŊ āŠĩāŠŋāŠļāŦāŠĪāŠūāŠ°āŠŪāŠūāŠ‚āŠĨāŦ€ āŠĶāŠ°āŦāŠĶāŦ€āŠ“āŠ āŠ† āŠļāŦ‡āŠĩāŠūāŠĻāŦ‹ āŠēāŠūāŠ­ āŠēāŦ€āЧāŦ‹.

āŠĪāŠĨāŠū āŠĪāŠū.āŦĐāŦ§/āŦĐ āŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŦ‹āМ āŠŠāŦ‹āŠēāŠūāŠ­āŠūāŠ‡ āŠ–āŦāŠ‚āŠŸāŦ€ āŠĪāŠ°āŠŦ āŠĨāŦ€ āŦ§āа āŠ•āŠēāŠūāŠ• āŠĻāŦ€ āŠ…āŠ‚āŠ–āŠĄ āŠ°āŠūāŠŪāŠ§āŦāŠĻ, āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āаāŠūāŠŪāŠĶāŦ‡āŠĩāŠŠāŦ€āа āŠĻāŦ€ āŠŠāŦāаāŠļāŠūāŠĶāŦ€ āŠĪāŠĨāŠū āŠļāŠŪāŠļāŦāŠĪ āŠ›āŠĪāŦāаāŠūāŠĩāŠū āŠ…āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠ­āŦ‹āŠ—āŠļāŠ° āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŠĻāŦāŠ‚ āŠļāŠūāŠŪāŦāŠđāŠŋāŠ• āŠ­āŦ‹āМāŠĻāŠĻāŦ‹ āŠ•āŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŊāŠ•āŦāаāŠŪ āŠ°āŠūāŠ–āŦ‡āŠē āŠđāŠĪāŦ‹.


Â āŠšāŠ‚āŠĻāŦāŠĶāŦāаāŠūāŠĩāŠūāŠĄāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠ°āŠ•āŠĪāŠĶāŠūāŠĻ āŠ•āŦ‡āŠŪāŦāŠŠ āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠūāŠŊāŦ‹

āŠšāŠ‚āŠĻāŦāŠĶāŦāаāŠūāŠĩāŠūāŠĄāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠĪāŠū.āŦ­/āŦŠ/āŦ§āŦĶāŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŦ‹āМ āŠ°āŠ•āŠĪāŠĶāŠūāŠĻ āŠ•āŦ‡āŠŪāŦāŠŠ āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠūāŠŊāŦ‹ āŠđāŠĪāŦ‹.āŠœāŦ‡āŠŪāŠū āŦĐāŠ° āŠŽāŦ‹āПāŠē āŠ°āŠ•āŠĪ āŠāŠ•āŠ āŦ āŠĨāŠŊāŦāŠ‚ āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ‚ āŠœāŦ‡ āŠ†āŠķāŠū āŠŽāŦāŠēāŠĄāŠŽāŦ‡āŠĻāŦāŠ• āŠŠāŦ‹āŠ°āŠŽāŠ‚āŠĶāŠ°āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠ…āŠ°āŦāŠŠāŠĢ āŠ•āŠ°āŦ‡āŠē āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ‚. āŠĪāŠĨāŠū āŠ† āŠŠāŦāаāŠļāŠ‚āŠ—āŦ‡ āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŦŠāŦĶ āŠĩāŠ°āŦāŠ·āŠĨāŦ€ āŠŠāŦ‹āŠļāŦāПāŠŪāŦ‡āŠĻ āŠĪāŠ°āŦ€āŠ•āŦ‡āŠĻāŦ€ āŠŦāŠ°āŠœ āŠŽāŠœāŠūāŠĩāŠĪāŠū āŠķāŦāаāŦ€ āŠ•āŠĻāŦāŠ‚āŠ­āŠūāŠ‡ āŠĻāŦ‹ āŠĩāŠŋāŠĶāŠūāŠŊ āŠļāŠŪāŠūāŠ°āŦ‹āŠđ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠūāŠŊāŦ‹ āŠđāŠĪāŦ‹.

 


Om - Aum

(
āŠ§āŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŪāŠŋāŠ•) 

 

 ** āŠ•āŠĄāŠ› āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠļāŠ‚āŠĪāŠĩāŠūāŠĢāŦ€ āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠūāŠ‡ **

āŠŠāŦ‹āŠ°āŠŽāŠ‚āŠĶāŠ° āŠĪāŠūāŠēāŦāŠ•āŠūāŠĻāŠū āŠ•āŠĄāŠ› āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠĪāŠū.āŦĐ/āŦŠ/āŦĶāŦ§āŦĶāŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŦ‹āМ āŠĩāŠūāŠ›āŠ°āŠūāŠĄāŠūāŠĄāŠūāŠĻāŠū āŠŪāŠ‚āŠĶāŠŋāŠ°āŠĻāŠū āŠēāŠūāŠ­āŠūāŠ°āŦāŠĨāŦ‡ āŠ­āŠĩāŦāŠŊ āŠļāŠ‚āŠĪāŠĩāŠūāŠĢāŦ€āŠĻāŦ‹ āŠŠāŦāаāŦ‹āŠ—āŠūāŠŪ āŠķāŦāаāŦ€ āŠ•āŠūāŠ‚āŠ§āŠēāŦ€āŠ†āŠ‡āŠĻāŠū āŠŪāŠ‚āŠĶāŠŋāŠ°āŠĻāŠū āŠŠāŠŸāŠūāŠ—āŠĢāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠ°āŠūāŠ–āŦ‡āŠē āŠđāŠĪāŦ‹.āŠœāŦ‡āŠŪāŠū āŠŽāŠŠāŦ‹āа āŠĻāŠū āŦ§āа āŠ•āŠēāŠūāŠ•āŦ‡ āŠŪāŦ‚āŠĪāŠŋ āŠŠāŦāаāŠūāŠĢ āŠŠāŦāаāŠĪāŠŋāŠ·āŦāŠ āŠū, āŠ°.āŦĐāŦĶ āŠ•āŠēāŠūāŠ•āŦ‡ āŠŽāŠŋāŠĄāŦāŠ‚ āŠđāŦ‹āŠŪāŦ€ āŠ…āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠļāŠūāŠ‚āŠœāŦ‡ āŠŠ āŠ•āŠēāŠūāŠ•āŦ‡ āŠ­āŦ‹āМāŠĻ āŠŠāŦāаāŠļāŠūāŠĶ āŠŽāŠūāŠĶ āŠ°āŠūāŠĪāŦāаāŦ€āŠĻāŠū āŠļāŠ‚āŠĪāŠĩāŠūāŠĢāŦ€āŠĻāŠū āŠ•āŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŊāŠ•āŦāаāŠŪāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠ­āŠœāŠĻāŦ€āŠ• āŠ•āŠēāŠūāŠ•āŠūāŠ° āŠœāŠ—āŠŪāŠūāŠē āŠŽāŠūāŠ°āŦ‹āП, āŠđāŠ°āŦ‡āŠķāŠ­āŠūāŠ‡ āŠ—āŠĒāŠĩāŦ€ (āŠ•āŠšāŦāŠ›āŠĩāŠūāŠģāŠū),āŠķāŠ•āŠŋāŠĪāŠĶāŠūāŠĻ āŠ—āŠĒāŠĩāŦ€, āŠĪāŠĨāŠū āŠ•āŠĄāŠ› āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŠĻāŠū āŠļāŦāŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŠŋāŠ• āŠ•āŠēāŠūāŠ•āŠūāŠ°āŦ‹āŠ āŠŠāŦāаāŠūāŠšāŦ€āŠĻ āŠ­āŠœāŠĻāŦ‹āŠĻāŦ€ āŠ­āŠūāŠ°āŦ‡ āŠ°āŠŪāŠāŠŸ āŠŽāŦ‹āŠēāŠūāŠĩāŦ€ āŠđāŠĪāŦ€.
āŠ†āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠĻāŠĻāŦ‡ āŠļāŠŦāŠģ āŠŽāŠĻāŠūāŠĩāŠĩāŠū āŠļāŠŪāŠļāŦāŠĪ āŠ—āŦāаāŠūāŠŪāŠœāŠĻāŦ‹āŠ āŠ­āŠūāŠ°āŦ‡ āŠœāŠđāŦ‡āŠŪāŠĪ āŠŠāŠ āŠūāŠĩāŦ€ āŠđāŠĪāŦ€.
 

** āŠĻāŠĩāŠūāŠ—āŠūāŠŪ āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āŠŪāŠĶāŦ āŠ­āŠūāŠ—āŠĩāŠĪ āŠļāŠŠāŦāŠĪāŠūāŠđ āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠūāŠ‡ **

(āŠ…āŠŪāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠŠāŦāаāŠĪāŠŋāŠĻāŠŋāŠ§āŦ€ āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū)

āŠŪāŠūāŠ‚āŠ—āŠ°āŦ‹āŠģ āŠĪāŠūāŠēāŦāŠ•āŠūāŠĻāŠū āŠĻāŠĩāŠūāŠ—āŠūāŠŪ-āŠđāŠ‚āŠŸāŠ°āŠŠāŦāа āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠ•āŠĄāŠ›āŠū āŠŠāŠ°āŦ€āŠĩāŠūāŠ° āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠĪāŠū.āŠŠ/āŦŠ/āŦĶāŦ§āŦĶāŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŦ‹āМ āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āŠŪāŠĶāŦ āŠ­āŠūāŠ—āŠĩāŠĪ āŠļāŠŠāŦāŠĪāŠūāŠđ āŠœāŦāŠžāŠūāŠĻ āŠŊāŠœāŦāŠžāŠĻāŦāŠ‚ āŠ­āŠĩāŦāŠŊ āŠ†āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŦ‡āŠē āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ‚

āŠœāŦ‡āŠŪāŠū āŠĩāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠļāŠŠāŦ€āŠ  āŠļāŦāŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŦ‡ āŠŠ.āŠŠ. āŠ­āŠūāŠ·āŦāŠ•āŠ°āŠ­āŠūāŠ‡ āŠœāŦ‹āŠķāŦ€ (āŠŽāŠūāŠŪāŠĢāŠūāŠļāŠūāŠĩāŠūāŠģāŠū) āŠ āŠŠāŦ‹āŠĪāŠūāŠĻāŦ€ āŠ†āŠ—āŠĩāŦ€ āŠķāŦˆāŠēāŦ€āŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠ•āŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠ‚ āŠ°āŠļāŠŠāŠūāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŠūāŠĩāŦāŠŊāŦāŠ‚ āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ‚ āŠœāŦ‡āŠŪāŠū āŠĪāŠū.-āŠŠāŠĻāŠū āŠĶāŦ‡āŠđāŠķāŦāЧāŦāЧāŠŋ, āŠŠāŠŋāŠĪāŠūāŦƒ āŠŠāŦ‚āМāŠĻ, āŠŠāŦ‹āŠĨāŦ€āŠŊāŠūāŠĪāŦāаāŠū, āŠĪāŠĨāŠū āŠ•āŠĨāŠū āŠŪāŠūāŠđāŠĪāŦāŠŪ, āŠĪāŠū.āŦŽ āŠĻāŠū āŠŠāŠ°āŠŋāŠ•āŦāŠ·āŦ€āŠĪ āŠœāŠĻāŦāŠŪ āŠķāŦāŠ•āŠĶāŦ‡āŠĩāŠœāŦ€āŠĻāŦāŠ‚ āŠ†āŠ—āŠŪāŠĻ, āŠĪāŠū-āŦ­āŠĻāŠū āŠ§āŦāаāŦāŠĩ āŠšāŠ°āŠŋāŠĪāŦāа āŠœāŠĄ āŠ­āŠ°āŠĪ āŠšāŠ°āŦ€āŠĪāŦāа, āŠĪāŠū-āŦŪāŠĻāŠū āŠĻāŠūāŦƒāŠļāŠŋāŠđ āŠŠāŦāаāŠūāŠ—āŠŸāŦāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠĻ āŠšāŠ°āŠŋāŠĪāŦāа, āŠĪāŠū-āŦŊāŠĻāŠū āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āаāŠūāŠŪ āŠœāŠĻāŦāŠŪ āŠ…āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āŠ•āŦāŠ·āŦāŠĢ āŠœāŠĻāŦāŠŪ, āŠĪāŠū-āŦ§āŦĶāŠĻāŠū āŠ—āŦ‹āŠĩāŠ°āŦāЧāŠĻ āŠēāŦ€āŠēāŠū āŠ…āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠ•āŠ‚āŠļ āŠĩāŠ§ āŠĪāŠū-āŦ§āŦ§āŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŦ‚āŠ•āŠŪāŠĢāŦ€ āŠĩāŠŋāŠĩāŠūāŠđ āŠ…āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠļāŦāŠĶāŠūāŠŪāŠū āŠšāŠ°āŦ€āŠĪāŦāа āŠ…āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠ›āŦ‡āŠēāŦāŠēāŦ‡ āŠĶāŠŋāŠĩāŠļāŦ‡ āŠŠāŠ°āŦ€āŠ•āŦāŠ·āŠŋāŠĪ āŠŪāŦ‹āŠ•āŦāŠ· āŠœāŦ‡āŠĩāŠū āŠšāŠ°āŦ€āŠĪāŦāа āŠ°āŠœāŦ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠ†āŠĩāŦāŠŊāŠū āŠđāŠĪāŠū. āŠ† āŠ•āŠĨāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠ•āŦ‹āŠ āŠĄāŦ€ āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡āŠĨāŦ€ āŠđāŠŪāŦ€āа āŠ­āŠ—āŠĪ āŠ…āŠĪāŠŋāŠĨāŦ€ āŠĩāŠŋāŠķāŦ‡āŠ· āŠŠāŠ§āŠūāŠ°āŦ€āŠŊāŠū āŠđāŠĪāŠū āŠ•āŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŦ‹ āŠļāŠŪāŠŊ āŠļāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠĻāŠū āŦŪ.āŦĐāŦĶ āŠĨāŦ€ āŦ§āа āŠ…āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠŽāŠŠāŦ‹āаāŠĻāŠū āŦĐ.āŦ§āŠŠ āŠĨāŦ€ āŦŽ.āŦ§āŠŠ āŠļāŦāЧāŦ€ āŠ°āŠūāŠ–āŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠ†āŠĩāŦāŠŊāŦ‹ āŠđāŠĪāŦ‹. āŠœāŦ‡ āŠĶāŠ°āŠŋāŠŪāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠĻ āŠŽāŠĻāŦāŠĻāŦ‡ āŠŸāŠūāŠ‡āŠŪ â€œāŠŠāŦāаāŠļāŠūāŠĶāŠĻāŦ€ āŠĩāŦāŠŊāŠĩāŠļāŦāŠĨāŠū āŠ°āŠūāŠ–āŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠ†āŠĩāŦ€ āŠđāŠĪāŦ€.āŠ†āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠĻāŠĻāŦ‡ āŠļāŠŦāŠģ āŠŽāŠĻāŠūāŠĩāŠĩāŠū āŠ†āŠŊāŦ‹āŠœāŠ• āŠĻāŦ‡āŠ­āŠūāŠ­āŠūāŠ‡ āŠ•āŠĄāŠ›āŠū, āŠēāŠ–āŠŪāŠĢāŠ­āŠūāŠ‡āŠ•āŠĄāŠ›āŠū, āŠ°āŠūāŠœāŠūāŠ­āŠūāŠ‡āŠ•āŠĄāŠ›āŠū, āŠĶāŦ‡āŠĩāŠĶāŠūāŠļāŠ­āŠū
āŠ‡ āŠ•āŠĄāŠ›āŠū, āŠĩāŠŋāŠ°āŠŪāŠ­āŠūāŠ‡

āŠ•āŠĄāŠ›āŠū, āŠĻāŠūāŠ—āŠūāŠœāŠĢāŠ­āŠūāŠ‡ āŠ•āŠĄāŠ›āŠū, āŠ…āŠ°āŠ­āŠŪāŠ­āŠūāŠ‡ āŠ•āŠĄāŠ›āŠū, āŠ­āŠ—āŠĪāŠ­āŠūāŠ‡ āŠ•āŠĄāŠ›āŠū, āŠļāŠđāŠŋāŠĪāŠĻāŠū āŠ•āŠĄāŠ›āŠū āŠŠāŠ°āŦ€āŠĩāŠūāŠ° āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠ­āŠūāŠ°āŦ‡ āŠœāŠđāŦ‡āŠŪāŠĪ āŠŠāŠ āŠūāŠĩāŦ€ āŠđāŠĪāŦ€.
 

 ** āŠķāŦ€āŠ‚āŠ—āŠĄāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āаāŠūāŠŪ āŠ•āŠĨāŠū āŠļāŠŪāŠŠāŠĻāŦāŠĻ **

(āŠ…āŠŪāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠŠāŦāаāŠĪāŠŋāŠĻāŠŋāŠ§āŠŋ āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū)
āŠŠāŦ‹āŠ°āŠŽāŠ‚āŠĶāŠ° āŠĪāŠūāŠēāŦāŠ•āŠūāŠĻāŠū āŠķāŦ€āŠ‚āŠ—āŠĄāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠĪāŠū.āŦ§āŦĶ/āŦŠ/ āŠĨāŦ€ āŠĪāŠū.āŦ§āа/āŦŠ/ āŠĶāŠ°āŠŋāŠŪāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠĻ āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āаāŠūāŠŪ āŠ•āŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠ‚ āŠ†āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŦ‡āŠē āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ‚
 
āŠķāŦ€āŠ‚āŠ—āŠĄāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŠĻāŠū āŠŽāŠūāŠŽāŠū āŠ°āŠūāŠŪāŠĶāŦ‡āŠĩāŠœāŦ€ āŠŪāŠđāŠūāŠ°āŠūāŠœ āŠŪāŠđāŠū āŠŪāŠ‚āŠĶāŠŋāŠ° āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠ†āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŦ€āŠĪ āŠ† āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āаāŠūāŠŪ āŠ•āŠĨāŠū āŠĻāŦāŠ‚ āŠ°āŠļāŠŠāŠūāŠĻ āŠŪāŠūāŠēāŠĶāŦ‡āŠ­āŠ—āŠĪ āŠŪāŦˆāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦ€ āŠĩāŠūāŠģāŠū āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠ†āŠĩāŦāŠŊāŦ āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ‚. āŠ•āŠĨāŠū āŠļāŠŪāŠŊ āŠļāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŦ‡ āŦŊ āŠĨāŦ€ āŦ§āа āŠ…āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠŽāŠŠāŦ‹āаāŠĻāŠū āŦĐ āŠĨāŦ€ āŦŽ āŠļāŦāЧāŦ€ āŠ°āŠūāŠ–āŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠ†āŠĩāŦ‡āŠē āŠđāŠĪāŦ‹.
āŠ•āŠĨāŠū āŠĶāŠ°āŠŋāŠŪāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠĻ āŠœāŦ‚āŠĻāŠūāŠ—āŠĒāŠĻāŠū āŠŪāŠ‚āŠđāŠĪāŠķāŦāаāŦ€ āŠķāŦ‡āаāŠĻāŠūāŠĨāŠŽāŠūāŠŠāŦ, āŠ­āŠūāŠĩāŠŠāŠ°āŠūāŠĻāŠū āŠŪāŠ‚āŠđāŠĪ āŠ°āŠūāŠ§āŦ‡āŠķāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠŪ āŠŽāŠūāŠŠāŦ, āŠŪāŦ€āŠŊāŠūāŠĢāŦ€āŠĻāŠū āŠŪāŠ‚āŠđāŠĪ āŠŽāŦāаāŠđāŠŪāŠŠāŦāаāŦ€ āŠŽāŠūāŠŠāŦ āŠ–āŠūāŠļ āŠŠāŠŠāŠļāŦāŠĨāŠŋāŠĪ āŠ°āŠđāŦ€ āŠ†āŠķāŦ€āаāŦāŠĩāŠšāŠĻ āŠŠāŠūāŠ āŠĩāŦ‡āŠē
 

** āŠ°āŠūāŠĩāŠē āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠŪāŠūāŠēāŠĶāŦ‡ āŠ­āŠ—āŠĪāŠĻāŦ€ āŠļāŠŠāŦāŠĪāŠūāŠđāŠĻāŦāŠ‚ āŠ†āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠĻ **

āŠœāŠūāŠŪāŠĻāŠ—āŠ° āŠœāŦ€āŠēāŦāŠēāŠū āŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŠūāŠĩāŠē āŠ–āŠūāŠĪāŦ‡ āŠ–āŦ‡āŠŪāŠ°āŠūāŠĄāŠūāŠĄāŠūāŠĻāŠū āŠŪāŠ‚āŠĶāŦ€āаāŦ‡ āŠ°āŠūāŠĩāŠē āŠŪāŠđāŦ‡āа āŠļāŠŪāŠūāŠœ āŠĶāŦāаāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠĪāŠū.āŦĐ/āŠŠ āŠĨāŦ€ āŠĪāŠū.āŠŠ/āŠŠ āŠļāŦāЧāŦ€ āŠĪāŦāаāŠĢ āŠĶāŠŋāŠĩāŠļāŦ€āŠŊ āŠŪāŦˆāŠŊāŠūāŠ°āŦ€ āŠĩāŠūāŠģāŠū āŠŪāŠūāŠēāŠĶāŦ‡ āŠ­āŠ—āŠĪāŠĻāŦ€ āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āаāŠūāŠŪ āŠ•āŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠ‚ āŠ†āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŦ‡āŠē āŠœāŦ‡āŠĻāŦ‹ āŠēāŠūāŠ­ āŠēāŦ‡āŠĩāŠū āŠœāŠūāŠđāŦ‡āа āŠœāŠĻāŠĪāŠūāŠĻāŦ‡ āŠ­āŠūāŠĩāŠ­āŠ°āŦāŠŊāŦ āŠ†āŠŪāŠ‚āŠĪāŦāаāŠĢ āŠŠāŠūāŠ āŠĩāŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠ†āŠĩāŦ‡ āŠ›āŦ‡.
 

 ** āŠ…āŠĄāŠĩāŠūāŠĢāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āŠŪāŠĶāŦ āŠ­āŠūāŠ—āŠĩāŠĪ āŠļāŠŠāŦāŠĪāŠūāŠđ āŠļāŠ‚āŠŠāŠĻāŦāŠĻ ** 

āŠ…āŠĄāŠĩāŠūāŠĢāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠļāŠŪāŠļāŦāŠĪ āŠ—āŠūāŠŪ āŠ†āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŦ€āŠĪ āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āŠŪāŠĶāŦ āŠ­āŠūāŠ—āŠĩāŠĪ āŠļāŠŠāŦāŠĪāŠūāŠđ āŠĪāŠū.āŠ°āŦŠ/āŦĐāŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŦ‹āМ āŠļāŠ‚āŠŠāŠĻāŦāŠĻ āŠĨāŠ‡ āŠđāŠĪāŦ€ āŠĩāŦāŠŊāŠūāŠļāŠŠāŦ€āŠ  āŠļāŦāŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŦ‡ āŠŠāŠ‚āŠ•āŠœāŠ­āŠūāŠ‡ āŠœāŦ‹āŠķāŦ€āŠ āŠ•āŠĨāŠūāŠĻāŦāŠ‚ āŠ°āŠļāŠŠāŠūāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŠūāŠĩāŦāŠŊāŦ āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ‚ āŠ°āŠūāŠĪāŦāаāŦ€āŠĻāŠū āŠĩāŠŋāŠĩāŠŋāŠ§ āŠ•āŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŊāŠ•āŦāаāŠŪāŦ‹ āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠūāŠŊāŠū āŠđāŠĪāŠū. āŠĪāŦ‡āŠŪāŠū āŠ°āŦ‹āМāŦ€āŠĩāŠūāŠĄāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŠĻāŦ€ āŠ°āŠūāŠļ āŠŪāŠ‚āŠĄāŠģāŦ€āŠ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ­āŠūāŠ°āŦ‡ āŠ°āŠŪāŠāŠŸ āŠŽāŦ‹āŠēāŠūāŠĩāŦ€ āŠđāŠĪāŦ€.
 

 
** āŠŦāŦāаāŦ€ āŠļāŠ°āŠŽāŠĪ āŠĩāŠŋāŠĪāŠ°āŠĢ āŠ•āŠ°āŠūāŠŊāŦāŠ‚ **
Â āŠ­āŠūāŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠĄāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āаāŠūāŠŪāŠĶāŦ‡āŠŠāŦ€āаāŠĻāŠū  āŠŪāŠ‚āŠĄāŠŠāŠŪāŠūāŠ‚ āŠķāŦāаāŦ€āŠĻāŠŸāŠĩāŠ°āŠĻāŠ—āŠ° āŠŊāŦāŠĩāŠ• āŠŪāŠ‚āŠĄāŠģ āŠĶāŦāаāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠŦāŦāаāŦ€ āŠļāŠ°āŠŽāŠĪ āŠĩāŠŋāŠĪāŠ°āŠĢ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩāŠūāŠŪāŠū āŠ†āŠĩāŦ‡āŠē āŠđāŠĪāŦāŠ‚.
 

** āŠŦāŠŸāŠūāŠĢāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠļāŠ‚āŠĪāŠĩāŠūāŠĢāŦ€ āŠĻāŦ‹ āŠ•āŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŊāŠ•āŦāаāŠŪ āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠūāŠķāŦ‡ **

āŠŠāŦ‹āŠ°āŠŽāŠŽāŠ‚āŠĶāŠ°āŠĻāŠūāŠ‚ āŠŦāŠŸāŠūāŠĢāŠū āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŦ‡ āŠĪāŠū.āŠ°āŠ° āŠĻāŠū āŠ°āŦ‹āМ āŠšāŠūāŠ°āŠĢāŦ€ āŠ†āŠ‡āŠĻāŠū āŠŪāŠ‚āŠĶāŠŋāŠ°āŦ‡ āŠŽāŦ‡ āŠĶāŠŋāŠĩāŠļ āŠŪāŠūāŠŸāŦ‡ āŠļāŠ‚āŠĪāŠĩāŠūāŠĢāŦ€ āŠĪāŦ‡āŠŪāŠœ āŠ…āŠ–āŠ‚āŠĄ āŠ°āŠūāŠŪāŠ§āŦāŠĻāŠĻāŦ‹ āŠ•āŠūāŠ°āŦāŠŊāŠ•āŦāаāŠŪ āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠūāŠķāŦ‡ āŠœāŦ‡āŠĻāŦ‹ āŠēāŠūāŠ­ āŠēāŦ‡āŠĩāŠū āŠ…āŠ°āŠļāŦ€āŠ­āŠūāŠ‡ āŠŪāŠūāŠēāŠĶāŦ‡āŠ­āŠūāŠ‡Â āŠ“āŠĄāŦ‡āŠĶāŠ°āŠūāŠ āŠĪāŠĨāŠū āŠ°āŠūāŠŪāŠū āŠŪāŠūāŠēāŠĶāŦ‡ āŠ“āŠĄāŦ‡āŠĶāŠ°āŠū āŠ…āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠĩāŠŋāŠ°āŠŪāŠ­āŠūāŠ‡ āŠ“āŠĄāŦ‡āŠĶāŠ°āŠū (āŠķāŠŋāŠ•āŦāŠ·āŠ•) āŠĶāŦāŠĩāŠūāŠ°āŠū āŠ…āŠĻāŦāаāŦ‹āЧ āŠ•āŠ°āŠūāŠŊāŦ‹ āŠ›āŦ‡. āŠ† āŠĪāŠ•āŦ‡ āŠļāŠŪāŠļāŦāŠĪ āŠ—āŠūāŠŪāŠĻāŠūāŠ‚ āŠĻāŦˆāŠĩāŦ‡āŠĶāŦāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻāŦ‡ āŠēāŦ‹āŠ•āŠŪāŦ‡āŠģāŦ‹ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŊāŦ‹āМāŠūāŠķāŦ‡.
 

 

All above articles by Maher Ekta –  āŠŪāŠđāŦ‡āа āŠāŠ•āŠĪāŠū website

Maha Kali Mandir Wales

Maha Kali Mandir - Wales
“Maha Kali Mandir”
The Community of the Many Names of God
Skanda Vale,
Llanpumsaint,
Carmarthen,
SA33 6JT,
Wales,
United Kingdom
Tel: 01559 384 421
Fax: 01559 384 999
www.skandavale.org/
 
 

Gallery – Trip to Maha Kali Mandir 2008

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Gallery – Trip to Maha Kali Mandir 2006

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Dr Kamlesh Khunti voted one of UK's best GPs

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Dr Kamlesh Khunti
A diabetes expert from Leicester has been voted one of the most influential GPs in the country.
A poll put Professor Kamlesh Khunti in the top 20 of present-day doctors who have helped to shape general practice.
He was named in the list, published in Pulse magazine, one of the country’s top weekly medical publications, after a panel of 50 leading GPs were asked to judge which of their colleagues they most admired.
David Gorrod, chairman of the Leicester Mercury Patients’ Panel, said: “It is a real fillip for Leicester to have such an auspicious and acknowledged figure such as Prof Khunti included in this list.”
 
Prof Khunti has been a GP in Leicester for 20 years but much of his work is now centred on diabetes research and has won national and international recognition.
The medic, whose practice is in Hockley Farm Road, Braunstone, said: “Inclusion in this list of GPs came as a big surprise, although it is nice to be recognised. Being a GP has given me a lot personally and I hope I have given a lot back.
“Leicester is a truly multi-ethnic city and in terms of my research, I wouldn’t have been able to do it anywhere else.”
Prof Khunti, 48, was brought up in the city and returned to Leicester after training to be a doctor in Scotland.
His work, with Professor Melanie Davies from the University of Leicester, helped secure ÂĢ2m worth of funding for the city to become a local diabetes research network.
He was also key in developing the Desmond programme – diabetes education and self-management.
Dr Kamlesh Khunti
The self-education programme helps patients diagnosed with type-two diabetes control their condition and is now widely used across the country.
Prof Khunti, has also helped to develop a national vascular screening programme, to help detect early signs of heart disease, stroke, diabetes and kidney disease. It began being introduced through GP surgeries last April and has won international recognition.
Another element of his work is his involvement with a group carrying out major work on diabetes in the South Asian community.
Dr Azhar Farooqi, a GP and chairman of NHS Leicester City’s clinical cabinet, said: “It is excellent for Leicester that Kamlesh has been recognised in this way. He deserves it because of his enormous research contribution to diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
“The work he has done has changed practice, particularly in patient education.”
Prof Khunti, who is married with three children, is a founding member of the Primary Care Diabetes Society and works with Diabetes UK. He is also involved in international diabetes research.
In 2001 he was awarded the Royal College of General Practitioners’ John Fry Award for research and delivered the Mary MacKinnon Lecture at the 2006 Annual Professional Conference.
 
By Cathy Buss Health Correspondent
 
 
More information about  Dr Kamlesh Khunti
 
Leicester University 
 
This is Leicestershire 
 

Gotra

A gotra is the lineage or clan assigned to a Hindu  at birth. In most cases, the system is patrilineal and the gotra  assigned is that of the person’s father. Other terms for it are vansh, vanshaj, bedagu, purvik, purvajan, pitru. An individual may decide to identify his lineage by a different gotra, or combination of gotras.
According to strict Hindu tradition, the term gotra is used only for the lineages of Brahmin, Kshatriya and Vaishya varnas. Brahminical gotra relates directly to the original seven or eight rishis of the Vedas. Later, the term gotra was expanded beyond Brahmin.
A gotra must be distinguished from a kul. A kul is a set of people following similar cultural rituals, often worshiping the same divinity (the Kuldev, god of the clan). Kul does not relate to lineage or caste. In fact, it is possible to change one’s kul, based on one’s faith or Ista-devatā.
It is common practice in preparation for Maher marriage to inquire about the kul-gotra (meaning clan lineage) of the bride and groom before approving the marriage. In almost all Hindu families, marriage within the same gotra is prohibited, since people with same gotra are considered to be siblings. But marriage within the kul is allowed and even preferred.

Origin of gotra

In Vedic Sanskrit, the word “gotra” originally meant “cow-pen.” Cows were at the time (before invention of currency) the most valuable possession of a family group, so with time, the term “gotra” began to refer to the family group who owned a particular pen of cows. The term was associated eventually with just the family group and its lineage.
Gotra is the Sanskrit term for a much older system of tribal clans. The Sanskrit term “Gotra” was initially used by the Vedic people  for the identification of the lineages. Generally, these lineages mean patrilineal descent from the sages or rishis in Brahmins, warriors and administrators in Kshatriyas and ancestral trademen in Vaisyas.
The lineage system, either patrilineal or matrilineal, was followed by the South Asian people. In present-day Hinduism, Gotra is applied to all the lineage systems.
The case of sage Vishwamitra is the example. Thus the gotra must have been of the lineage of the learning one chose rather than the lineage of one’s birth. Rama is stated to be the descendant of Ikshwaku, but the lineage was broken when Kalmashpada got his son through Niyoga of Vasishta with Kalmashapad’s wife Madayanthi, and not through a biological liaison. Yet Rama is said to be Ikshwaku’s descendant and not of Vasishta. Some claim of a continuous biological linkage with the moola purusha [or most significant personality] of the Gothra, where as it need not be the case. Some times, a Gotra is based on the Guru for the family or one of the ancestors.
Marriages within the gotra (“swagotra” marriages) are banned under the rule of exogamy in the traditional matrimonial system. People within the gotra are regarded as kin and marrying such a person would be thought of as incest.
A much more common characteristic of Maher Community is permission for marriage between cross-cousins (children of brother and sister). Thus, a man is allowed to marry his maternal uncle’s daughter or his paternal aunt’s daughter, but is not allowed to marry his father’s brother’s daughter. She would be considered a parallel cousin who is treated as a sister.